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Northernhay Gardens are located in Exeter, Devon, England, on the northern side of Rougemont Castle. They are the oldest public open space in England, being originally laid out in 1612 as a pleasure walk for Exeter residents.〔(Exeter City Council )〕〔(Exeter City Council (Parks and Open Space Strategy) )〕 Northernhay is an English Heritage Grade II listed open space and is currently maintained by Exeter City Council. The gardens form a crescent shape bounded to the north by the West of England Main Line and Exeter Central railway station Station and to the south by the castle and Rougemont Gardens. Their eastern entrance is at the head of Northernhay Place and the gardens open on the west to Northernhay Gate. The site was originally quarried in Roman times for stone for the city walls. The gardens themselves incorporate a stretch of Roman wall and the only length of Saxon town wall to be seen in England. The early park was destroyed in the Civil War, in 1642, when large defensive ditches were dug outside the walls for the city's defence. Soon after the Restoration, in 1664, the city set about restoring the park, planting hundreds of young elms and laying out gravel paths. There has been a tradition of maintaining the park as a major city amenity since that time. The gardens underwent a major re-landscaping in 1860, receiving its important group of monuments to major Victorian figures in the city's history between 1860 and 1895. ''The Deer Stalker'' (1875) by E. B. Stephens (1815–1882), is a significant piece of Victorian art, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1876.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Deer Stalker ) 〕 Stephens also sculpted the statues of John Dinham, who was a local philanthropist,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Statue of John Dinham ) 〕 and Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 10th Baronet,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Acland Statue ) 〕 in the gardens. The statue of the Conservative politician Stafford Northcote (1887) is by Joseph Boehm.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Northcote Statue ) 〕 The Volunteer Memorial (1895), designed by S. K. Greenslade, commemorates the formation of the 1st Rifle Volunteers in 1852,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Exeter's Memorial to the First Rifle Volunteers ) 〕 and the War Memorial by local sculptor John Angel was constructed in 1923.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Exeter War Memorial ) 〕 The gardens also contain a bandstand. Exeter War Memorial was added in 1923, under the design of John Angel. In the mid 1900s the mature avenue of elms lining the central walk succumbed to Dutch Elm Disease and were felled. Subsequent planting has sought to provide all-year-round colour and interest to visitors and residents alike. The gardens offer views over large parts of the city and play host to a number of events throughout the year. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Northernhay Gardens」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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